Although it is always satisfying to enjoy a delicious meal, it is important to make sure the food has been prepared properly. One scientific study found approximately 1,300 people die each year from microorganisms in food. Identifying the five most dangerous food-borne illnesses allows a person to uncover the best ways to prevent getting sick.
1. Campylobacter
Campylobacter is a common form of food poisoning caused by raw or under-cooked poultry, unpasteurized milk, and contaminated water. An infected person will experience cramps, fever, vomiting, and diarrhea. While sick, it is essential to rest and stay well hydrated. If symptoms are severe, a doctor may prescribe an antibiotic to shorten the duration of the illness. To prevent getting sick, it is vital to avoid cross contamination in the kitchen and to always cook meat to a safe temperature.
2. Toxoplasmosis
Toxoplasmosis is an illness brought on by the Toxoplasma gondii parasite. Although over 60 million people have the parasite inside their bodies, it only causes problems in individuals who are pregnant or who have weak immune systems.
An animal becomes infected by eating an animal with this parasite. Also, the parasite may lie in the feces of an infected cat. The only ways to kill the parasite is by cooking meat to a proper temperature. Pregnant women are urged to avoid contact with a cat’s litter box as well. Symptoms of the disease include fever, headache, confusion, and seizures. An infected pregnant woman may suffer a stillbirth or may deliver an infant with physical or mental disabilities.
3. Lysteriosis
Lysteriosis is caused by the listeria bacteria. Like with Toxoplasmosis, it can be especially dangerous for pregnant women and people with low-functioning immune systems. This disease is most often contracted by consuming deli meats that have not been processed correctly or by consuming unpasteurized dairy products. If caught early, antibiotic treatment can lower the negative effects. Symptoms include fever, nausea, muscle aches, and diarrhea. If it spreads to the nervous system, it is possible to experience a stiff neck, loss of balance, and convulsions. To avoid lysteriosis, it is wise to use a separate knife when slicing cheeses and similar foods. Also, it is best to avoid storing deli meats for prolonged periods of time. Pregnant women should avoid these food items until they give birth.
4. Salmonella
Salmonlla poisoning results from consuming raw or under-cooked meat, poultry, and eggs. Symptoms include nausea, cramps, vomiting, diarrhea, fever, chills, and headaches. Although the infection usually lasts one week, it may take months for a person’s bowels to return to normal function. To prevent infection, it is important to practice regular hand washing before and after touching raw eggs or meat. Also, it is essential to cook these items to the proper temperatures and to avoid cross contamination by washing knives and cutting boards.
5. Norovirus
Norovirus causes approximately 3 million illnesses each year. It is spread by infected individuals who do not wash their hands after using the bathroom. It causes a sudden onset of diarrhea and vomiting. Other symptoms of norovirus include cramps, general malaise, low fever, and aching muscles. Since it can withstand hot and cold temperatures and disinfectants, it is difficult to eradicate. Commonly, cruise ships have been known to harbor this type of illness.
There are a number of food-bourne illnesses that can affect the public. Although most of these sicknesses end after a few days, certain groups may be at high risk for developing serious complications. According to the FDA, prevention is key. It is vital to avoid consuming raw meats and dairy products and to wash fresh fruits and vegetables before serving them. Also, it is wise to clean all food preparation surfaces. Taking the time to prevent infection is the first step toward curbing the amounts of people who become sick each year.
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